Bowel & Intestinal
Chronic Constipation
Infrequent or difficult bowel movements lasting weeks or longer.
Image: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH
CategoryBowel & Intestinal
Typical NatureChronic
UrgencyRoutine evaluation
What Is Chronic Constipation?
Constipation becomes chronic when it persists for weeks or longer, and can stem from diet, medications, motility issues, or pelvic floor dysfunction. We look beyond the symptom to find what's actually slowing things down.
Symptoms of Chronic Constipation
Common Symptoms
- Fewer than three bowel movements a week
- Hard or lumpy stools
- Straining during bowel movements
- A feeling of incomplete emptying
- Bloating or abdominal discomfort
Causes & Risk Factors
Common Causes
- Low fiber or fluid intake
- Certain medications
- IBS with constipation
- Pelvic floor dysfunction
- Thyroid or metabolic conditions
Risk Factors
When to See a Doctor: Red-Flag Symptoms
Most digestive symptoms can be evaluated at a routine visit. However, seek prompt medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
- Severe or worsening abdominal pain
- High fever with abdominal symptoms
- Signs of dehydration (dizziness, reduced urination)
If you're experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.
How Chronic Constipation Is Diagnosed
- A detailed symptom history and physical exam
- Stool studies or blood work as indicated
- Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy for direct visualization
- Breath testing for suspected SIBO or intolerances
Treatment Options
- Fiber and hydration optimization
- Medication review and adjustment
- Motility-focused prescription therapy
- Pelvic floor physical therapy referral when indicated
Related Services & Procedures
Prevention
- Adequate fiber and water intake
- Regular physical activity
- Not delaying the urge to go
Related Conditions
Frequently Asked Questions
Most adults benefit from roughly 25 to 35 grams of fiber daily, increased gradually to avoid bloating. We can help build a realistic plan around your diet.
Yes — many common medications, including certain pain relievers, antidepressants, and iron supplements, can slow the bowels. We'll review your full medication list.
If it's new, severe, accompanied by bleeding or weight loss, or hasn't responded to basic measures, further evaluation is warranted.
Reviewed by Dr. Anthony Marchetti, MDThis content is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.